Spate irrigation in afghanistan books

Design development of spate irrigation structures in raya valley, ethiopia. Shinji kawasaki1, fumio watanabe 2, shinji suzuki 2, ryuzo nishimaki3 and satoru takahashi 2 abstract. Population in the region is estimated at 87,000 households, of which 89% live below the poverty threshold bashier et al. This may be done by free intakes, by diversion spurs or by bunds. She is an assistant professor in masters in planning and management of natural risks at university of alicante 2018. How to design and build swales, dams, ponds, and other water harvesting systems barnes, douglas on. Is a surfacewater market physically feasible in pakistans indus basin irrigation. This field of study involves the entire water cycle, encompassing the. In spate irrigation water is diverted from normally dry river beds wadis when the river is in spate. In spate irrigation, water is diverted from normally dry river beds when the river is in spate. Acceleration of himalayan glacier loss is due to warming. A special form of irrigation using surface water is spate irrigation, also called floodwater harvesting.

The area is one of the most important spate irrigation areas in sudan. Spate irrigation uses flood water generated from an upstream hill slope that is then stored as soil moisture or collected from ephemeral streams in adjacent lowlying valley bottom. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Natural resource management and peacebuilding in afghanistan afghanistans precious natural resources its land, water, forests and mineral deposits are critical to the countrys prospects for a peaceful and prosperous future. Management of spate flood for spate irrigation must cope with the variability and uncertainty of water supply. The goal of this programme was to develop spate irrigation policies and programmes, based on action research and documented practical experiences, that. Water allocation and management in an emerging spate. Spate irrigation is practised in west asia pakistan, iran, afghanistan, the middle east yemen, saudi arabia, north africa morocco, algeria. In afghanistan, the water availability for irrigation purposes is mainly a function of effective rainfall and surface as well as groundwater resources which depend in turn on the amount and distribution time and space f precipitation. In afghanistan, where 80% of the population lives in rural areas and 5% of the gdp is generated by, agriculture and 8. For this research household survey, farmer group discussion and key informant were interviewed to collect primary data. There are laws for distribution of water, but due to the magnitude of flood.

The strengthening watershed and irrigation management swim project supports sustainable, agricultureled economic growth by increasing the sustainable and productive use of water and strengthening water resource management in northern afghanistan. Garmser is gateway to afghanistan for insurgents who stream across border from pakistan. However, the management of natural resources can also in. The entire area that can in principle be irrigated is close to 4,000 ha. The study attempted to find out the spate irrigation management practice in the community, institutional arrangement in the spate irrigation systems and identify challenges with improving the traditional spate irrigation systems. Also a popular book on spate irrigation, the dry side of the indus, written by rina saeed khan, karim nawaz and frank van steenbergen, is published by vanguard. Spate irrigation, livelihood improvement and adaptation to. The moisture stored in the soil will be used thereafter to grow crops. Only kazakhstan reports spate irrigation, amounting to 866 300 ha. Intechopen open access publisher open science open minds. In case of a flood spate, water is diverted to normally dry river beds wadis using a network of dams, gates and channels and spread over large areas. Case study of water rights and water codification of nimruz province.

About 90% of the irrigated area in the country is irrigated through traditional irrigation schemes, while. Routledge and crc press water resources management books. The rod koh i system based on kulyat riwajat fromulae and traditions which governed the irrigation system ever since the pashtun tribes moved into damaan. Rainwater harvesting is the collection of runoff water from roofs or unused land and the concentration of this.

As a specialist in development literature, idrc books contributes to the body of knowledge on these issues to further the cause of global understanding and equity. Design development of spate irrigation structures in raya. Participants visit agricultural land and an irrigation channel that use water from yamada weir. Water science and engineering explores the earths complex water systems, focusing on the movement, distribution, and quality of water, as well as the problems, principles, and processes involved with water and waste water management.

Pdf spate irrigation in afghanistan said hashmat sadat. Also called rod kohi sailaba or nai in different parts of the country. Although the spate irrigation system is an ancient practice, it is only in the past very few decades the system has undergone little modernization interventions. In the permaculture earthworks handbook, author douglas barnes uses clear, accessible language to explain everything from ponds, dams and swales to contour bunds, microcatchments, and hugelswales, from bench terracing and river training to pattern planting, spate irrigation and many other sophisticated techniques for harvesting water. The lack of efficient irrigation facilities has left many farmers without sufficient water for agriculture, including the production of wheat, the countrys main staple food crop. Mar 06, 2003 the amu darya river basin, located on the northern border between afghanistan and tajikistan, supplies water for irrigation to the provinces of konduz and takhar in the northeast, balkh and jowzjan in the north, and herat via the hari rud river in the west of the country. In ghost town where afghan war begins, uk fights losing battle.

Specifically, swim rehabilitates water infrastructure, strengthens the water regulatory environment. Project list fao in afghanistan food and agriculture. This chapter is a brief comprehension of spate irrigation under changing. The potential for the development of spate irrigation systems. Read online irrigation engineering by p n modi book pdf free download link book now. Irrigation development in konar province afghanistan. While floodwater harvesting belongs to the accepted irrigation methods, rainwater harvesting is usually not considered as a form of irrigation. The main message is that though risk inherent to spate irrigation, in many parts of the world it is the only thing around and there is a lot of scope to improve the livelihoods and productivities in spate irrigation. This paper first describes spate irrigation in the light of climate change adaptation and climate change section 2. In india, such practice is called protective irrigation, which aims at equal distribution of scarce means and prevention of acute famine. Is a surfacewater market physically feasible in pakistans indus basin irrigation system. C well and spate irrigation pdf book manual free download. The water rights have been recorded in books dating back to 1872, 1902. Understanding afghan traditional irrigation systems afghanistan.

In many cases, the modernization interventions were not successful due to. A typology of irrigation systems in afghanistan water management, livestock and the opium economy this report is part of areus threeyear study, applied thematic research into water management, livestock and the opium economy. Working paper 49 water resources pakistan country series no. Owing to competition for water, the water delivery practices may deviate from the principles. View our complete catalog of authoritative water resources management related book titles and textbooks published by routledge and crc press. Spate irrigation in the context of river basin resource management.

Grant results sheet unesco spate irrigation for rural economic. Irrigation areas sheet afghanistan total total 2 165 actually irrigated irrigation technology total 2 165 actually irrigated 114 surface irrigation sprinkler irrigation localized irrigation equipped lowlands spate irrigation 2 631 surface water irrigation water source 577. Idrc books publishes research results and scholarly studies on global and regional issues related to sustainable and equitable development. Afghanistan iinn intr q 3 acku 00012298 5 list of available reports, manuals, and books in the fao irrigation, water resource unit librar operr ackuo, shelf a 1. Without irrigation supplies, these arid to semi arid areas cannot support any irrigation. Different books and academic journals related to this research.

The video lecture series on spate irrigation systems is a followup from the mainstreaming spate irrigation in higher education workshop, jointly organized by fao, unescoihe, unwdpc, the spate irrigation network and metameta in delft, the netherlands from 2022 september 2010. Status and potential of spate irrigation in ethiopia. List of available reports, manuals, and books in the fao. Modernization of spate structures has been taking place in raya valley since 1998 even though the efficiencies are not as intended. Spate irrigation is an ancient practice by which floodwater is diverted from its river bed and channelled to basins. Transboundary water resources in afghanistan 1st edition. Current situation and issue s on agriculture of afghanistan. This may be done by free intakes, by diversion spurs or by bunds, that are built across the river bed. However, these interventions were mostly in the aspects of heavy investment in the sophisticated head works for improving flood water diversion efficiency.

The study forecasts that by 2025 pakistans annual water supply will fall short of demand by around 100 billion cubic metres, about half of the entire present flow of the indus. In the gash delta of eastern sudan, spate irrigation floodrecession farming. The network stimulates the development of programmes of implementation that improve the livelihoods of those in spate irrigation areas, exchanges experiences and good practices, helps upgrade training, identify priority fields for improvement and research and development. Fahimullah ziaee, right, a vice minister from the afghan ministry of energy and water, eagerly exchange opinions. On the field, there are basically four methods of water distribution. Read online c well and spate irrigation book pdf free download link book now. Aug 23, 2014 understanding afghan traditional irrigation systems afghanistan 1. Nevertheless, they provide yearround irrigation water only for 330,000 ha arable land throughout the country which is estimated 10 % of the total irrigated lands. To bridge this gap, fao technical cooperation project tcpafg3601 of soil information system of afghanistan was initiated in march 2016 to assist ministry of agriculture, irrigation and livestock to establish soil information system sis in afghanistan. Irrigation project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks.

Spate irrigation has evolved over the centuries and provided rural populations in arid and semiarid regions with an ingenious way to manage their scarce water resources. Via this, we intend to make a community of engineers to contribute to spate irrigation systems of afghanistan for taking advantage of this. He had set out soon after first light from his base in southern afghanistan, an encampment that, thanks to his. Spate irrigation is a resource system, whereby flood water is emitted through normally dry wadi and conveyed to irrigable fields. Mapping irrigated areas in afghanistan over the past decade using modis ndvi. Spate irrigation has a long history in eritrea and still forms the livelihood base for rural communities in arid lowlands of the country.

Some of these systems especially bund kushdil khan in pishin have been in use in balochistan for more than 100 years, which were constructed in 1880s by the british rulers. Aquastat faos information system on water and agriculture. Total arable area in afghanistan is around 7 million hectare of which around 3 million was under irrigation. It has evolved over the centuries and provided rural populations in arid and semiarid regions with an ingenious way to manage their scarce water resources. The potential for the development of spate irrigation systems in pakistan as per agreed water entitlements. Flood based irrigation in particular spate irrigation relies on variable flood scenarios occurring every year. Spate irrigation is a unique system of agriculture practiced in the piedmont plains by harvesting of floods received after rainfall in the mountains. Sources of irrigation water can be groundwater extracted from springs or by using wells, surface water withdrawn from rivers, lakes or reservoirs or nonconventional sources like treated wastewater, desalinated water or drainage water. Ron savage, field program, dst spin boldak, kandahar feb. Spate irrigation and nai gaj historically, nai gaj flowed to river indus and after construction of irrigation system in barrages area of taluka johi, the british. Progress of constitutional change and irrigation management transfer in pakistan.

File for water rights of surplus water of spate river vehova, litra and other minor spate river system. Spate irrigation in pakistan has a long history and has a large potential but is largely unknown and not well understood frank van steenbergen. Pakistan, daraban zam, spate irrigation is a type of water management. Last year, the country provided an estimated 87 percent of the worlds illegal opium. Spate irrigation is common in the drier parts of western hkh, especially in balochistan province of pakistan and in afghanistan. Mapping irrigated areas in afghanistan over the past decade. Irrigation helps to grow agricultural crops, maintain landscapes, and revegetate disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of less than average rainfall. Country fact sheet afghanistan food and agriculture. Spate irrigation network afghanistan sina 18 photos. Codifying water rights in contested basins of afghanistan.

The method of protective irrigation is typical for the utility form of irrigation management. This system is practiced in different parts of the world. Floodbased farming for food security ethiopia iwmi cgiar. Aug 05, 2011 paul jones arrived in a chevy pickup, dust clouds billowing as he crossed the desert. However, spate irrigation is a new term in afghanistan and requires orientation through meetings, seminars, research reports and small round tables at the local and national levels in order to make a specific contribution to spate water harnessing. Optimizing flood and sediment management of spate irrigation in abaala plains 69. For an advocacy statement on spate irrigation, prepared at the initiative meeting of the spate irrigation network, please click here. Water going with the flow special report the economist. Hill torrents potentials and spate irrigation management to. Strategies to cope with risks of uncertain water supply in. Spate irrigation areas are in particular located in semiarid or arid, mountainous regions. In afghanistan, the rise and fall of little america the. The permaculture earthworks handbook new society publishers. Documents about spate irrigation, water rights and more all in urdu from the late 19th century and early 20th century.

Guide book on spate irrigation published by pakistan spate irrigation network national secretariat islamabad pakistan. Spate irrigation spate irrigation is a resource system, whereby. Jan 12, 2020 irrigation is the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals. Decades of war in afghanistan and migration away from rural areas have contributed to the degradation and neglect of the countrys irrigation system. Atvi spate irrigation project work plan march 2016 february 2017 4 march 2016 3222016 spate irrigation work plan afghanistan 1 suggested by. Free download or read online entrepreneurship, the new rules a famous business pdf book authorized by rob yeung having the basic and necessary business. The flood water, typically lasting a few hours or a few days. Nonetheless, by cross referencing various articles and books, and reference to a. Irrigation academic dictionaries and encyclopedias. Apr 05, 2005 a huge boom in opium traffic is threatening to reverse the recent spate of encouraging progress in afghanistan. Is a lack of water to blame for the conflict in syria. Spate irrigation is a unique system of agriculture practiced in the piedmont. Rod means channel and koh means mountain in persian.

Pdf status and potential of spate irrigation in ethiopia. It then discusses the effect of spate irrigation on livelihood improvement and poverty alleviation section 3. Spate irrigation is a type of irrigation which is being practiced since centuries in some parts of the world. Spate irrigation is an ancient practice by which floodwater is diverted from its river bed and channeled to basins. Makanya spate irrigation system lies at the outlet of makanya catchment 300 km 2, in the south pare mountains, midreaches of the pangani river basin in tanzania. Atvi spate irrigation project work plan march 2016. This may be done by free intakes, by diversion spurs or by bunds, that are build across the river bed. Sep 29, 2016 yamada weir was built to mitigate a strong current and deliver water to an irrigation channel. How to design and build swales, dams, ponds, and other water harvesting systems.

They are unknown but they cover an area of more than one million hectares, which is close to 10% of all irrigated land in pakistan. In most spate irrigation systems in eritrea, yemen and pakistan the major. In walls, david frye makes a powerful case for rewriting history. Spate irrigation is practiced in the area west of the indus river in all the four provinces. This site is like a library, you could find million book here by using search box in the header. Understanding afghan traditional irrigation and water management systems prepared by. The helmand river that flows through nimroz province in afghanistan. Natural resource management and peacebuilding in afghanistan. A 1973 treaty allocates 2226 cubic metres of this flow to iran, and the rest for use by afghanistan itself. Spate irrigation is a crop irrigation technique consisting of diverting seasonal stormwater from valleys, rivers, riverbeds and gullies by gravity onto farmland situated at a lower elevation than the flood water. Most of afghanistans water for irrigation, industry and household use depends on winter snowfall. Spate irrigation is a traditional water diversion and spreading technology.

Drawing onevidence from around the world, as well as his own experiences onarchaeological digs, frye takes us on a provocative and occasionallyhumorous journey across windswept deserts and grassy, northumbrianhills. The system is based on water distribution from head to tail. Exploring spate irrigation in pakistan, was recently published by vanguard books and launched in a ceremony held in islamabad. In several other countries and regions, including central asia, afghanistan, western. The guidelines for spate irrigation has appeared as irrigation and drainage paper 65 of the food and agricultural organization. Integrated emergency livestock assistance to drought affected farming families in afghanistan projects highlights to increase livestock production and ensure the food security and nutrition of vulnerable pastoral households. The catchment represents typical semiarid to dry subhumid rainfed agrarian conditions, and manifests strong signs of human induced land degradation resulting from high pressures on soil and water resources.

The meticulously researched book, dry side of indus. Using smart ict to provide weather and water information to. It is known to be widely practiced in west asia pakistan, iran, afghanistan, the. Coping with water supply risks is often the only way to harness the. Codifying water rules and rights in spate irrigation document.

A 2006 drought pushed syrian farmers to migrate to urban centers, setting the stage for massive uprisings. Afghanistan is landlocked and mountains cover most of the country, with limited amount of water available in the country. Strengthening watershed and irrigation management u. She published a few books chapters about ecosystem services and irrigation multifunctionality and more than 20 manuscripts in jcr and sjr indexed journals.

Coping with water supply risks is often the only way to harness the opportunit. Spate irrigation has been practiced in this area for more than a century to produce the main crops, which include barley, cotton, and sorghum. The guidelines are the result of a ten year process of documentation of experiences and local practices. It is the outgrowth of longterm deep knowledge and experience gained by the authors, as well as. To learn more about using bookshare with your device, visit the help center here is an overview of the specialized formats that bookshare offers its members with links that go to. Spate irrigation, a floodwater harvesting and management system, has for the past 70 centuries provided a livelihood for about million resourcepoor people in some 20 countries. World heritage encyclopedia, the aggregation of the largest online encyclopedias available.